domingo, 28 de diciembre de 2014

Diseases - Idioms

Good morning!

Nobody likes to be sick, right? It's so awful to have to stay in bed all day instead of beling alive and kicking and spend time doing things we like. 
As you may have noticed I've used dome of the medical and health idioms to bring about the topic. Below I want to present you some others. Read carefully and try to memorize them, because then I want you to do an exercise quiz! Hey! Don't get as pale as death! These are easy questions ;)


alive and kicking
- to be well and healthy
My aunt is ninety years old and she is very much alive and kicking. 

as fit as a fiddle
- to be healthy and physically fit
My grandfather is ninety years old but he is as fit as a fiddle.

as pale as death
- extremely pale
The woman in the hospital waiting room was as pale as death.

at death's door
- very near death
The sales manager was at death's door after his heart attack.

back on one's feet
- physically healthy again
My mother is back on her feet after being sick for two weeks.

bitter pill to swallow
- an unpleasant fact that one must accept
Losing the election was a bitter pill to swallow for the candidate.

black-and-blue
- bruised, showing signs of having been physically harmed
My arm was black-and-blue after falling down the stairs.

black out
- to lose consciousness, to faint, to pass out
The football player blacked out after being hit by the other player.

break out in a cold sweat
- to perspire from fever or anxiety
I usually break out in a cold sweat when I have to make a speech.

break out in (something)
- to begin showing a rash or other skin disorder
I broke out in a rash after eating the shrimp at the restaurant.

breathe one's last
- to die
The man breathed his last after a long illness.

bring (someone) around
- to restore someone to health or consciousness, to cure someone
The medical workers were able to bring the man around after the accident.

bring (someone) to
- to restore someone to consciousness after anesthesia/hypnosis/fainting
We tried hard to bring the woman to after the car accident.

bundle of nerves
- a very nervous or anxious person
The woman is a bundle of nerves after looking after her three children.

burn (oneself) out
- to become very tired and almost sick from doing something for a long time or from working too hard
After working long hours for many months the woman finally burned herself out.

catch a cold
- to get a cold
I caught a cold last week and had to miss four days of work.

catch one's death of cold
- to become very ill (with a cold/flu etc.)
The little boy was told to be careful in the rain or he would catch his death of cold.

check-up
- an examination of a patient by a doctor
I plan to have my annual check-up next week.

clean bill of health
- a report or certificate that a person or animal is healthy
My doctor gave me a clean bill of health when I visited him last month.

come down with (something)
- to become sick with something, to catch an illness
My niece came down with a cold and was unable to visit me last week.

couch doctor
- a psychoanalyst or psychiatrist who puts his patients on a couch to talk to them
The man was sent to see a couch doctor because of his many problems.

a dose of one's own medicine
- the same treatment that one gives to others (usually this has a negative meaning)
We gave the boy a dose of his own medicine after he bullied us.

draw blood
- to make someone bleed, to get blood from someone
The doctor decided to draw blood from the patient in order to check his blood sugar level.

drop dead
- to die suddenly
The bus driver dropped dead while driving the bus.

fall ill
- to become sick or ill
The man fell ill last winter and has not recovered yet.

feel on top of the world
- to feel very healthy
I have been feeling on top of the world since I quit my job.

flare up
- to begin again suddenly (an illness or a disease)
My mother's skin problem flared up when she started to use the new hand soap.

get a charley horse
- to develop a cramp in the arm or the leg
The swimmer got a charley horse while he was swimming.

get over (something)
- to overcome a difficulty, to recover from an illness or shock
The woman is having trouble getting over her father`s death.

go under the knife
- to have an operation in surgery
The woman went under the knife at the hospital last evening.

green around the gills
- to look sick
My colleague was looking a little green around the gills when he came to work today.

hang out one's shingle
- to open an office or business - especially in a profession
The doctor decided to hang out his shingle as soon as he finished medical school. 

have foot-in-mouth disease
- to embarrass oneself through a silly mistake
The man has foot-in-mouth disease and is always saying stupid things.

have one foot in the grave
- to be near death (usually because of old age or illness)
My uncle is very sick and has one foot in the grave.

head shrinker
- a psychiatrist
The man went to see a head shrinker after his recent problems at work.

in a family way
- pregnant, going to have a baby
Our new secretary is in a family way and plans to stop working soon.

in labor
- a woman going through childbirth
The woman was in labor for three hours.

in the pink
- in very good health
My grandmother is in the pink and is doing very well.

kick a habit
- to break or stop a bad habit
The man used to smoke but he was able to kick the habit.

kink in one's neck
- a cramp in one's neck that causes pain
I woke up this morning with a kink in my neck.

look the picture of health
- to be in good health, to look very healthy
My uncle looked the picture of health when I saw him last week.

nothing but skin and bones
- to be very thin or emaciated
The young man was nothing but skin and bones when he returned from the long camping trip.

nurse (someone) back to health
- to give someone care to restore him or her to good health
My mother spent several weeks with my grandmother trying to nurse her back to health.

on the mend
- becoming better, becoming well, healing
My grandfather is on the mend after he broke his leg last week.

an ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure
- it is easier to prevent something bad than to deal with the results
An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure and I decided to stay home and rest rather than go out in the cold with my sore throat.

out cold
- unconscious, to have fainted
The patient was out cold because of the anesthesia when he entered the operating room.

out of sorts
- not feeling well, in a bad mood
Our boss is out of sorts today so you should wait until tomorrow to speak to him.

over the worst
- recovering from an illness
The man is over the worst since his skiing accident last month.

pale around the gills
- to look sick
My colleague was looking a little pale around the gills when he came to work today.

pass away
- to die
The man's father passed away when he was 96 years old.

pass on
- to die
My grandmother passed on when she was 92 years old.

pass out
- to faint
Three teenage girls passed out at the rock concert.

pull through
- to recover from a serious illness
The car accident was very bad and I do not think that the driver will pull through.

rub salt in (someone's) wound
- to deliberately make someone's unhappiness or shame or misfortune worse
My supervisor rubbed salt in my wound when he continued to criticize me for my mistake.

run down
- to be in poor condition
My father worked very hard last month and now he is run down.

run in the family
- to be a common family characteristic
The serious illness runs in the family of my friend.

spit up (something) or spit (something) up
- to throw something up, to vomit something
The dog spit up the button that he had swallowed.

splitting headache
- a severe headache
I have been suffering from a splitting headache all morning.

susceptable to (something)
- to easily get some kind of illness, to likely to become sick with something
The young boy is very susceptable to getting a sore throat.

take a sick day
- to be absent from work and still receive pay
I did not feel well yesterday so I decided to take a sick day.

take a turn for the better
- to begin to improve or get well
The medical condition of my uncle has recently taken a turn for the better.

take a turn for the worse
- to become sicker
My aunt took a turn for the worse last week and she is now in the hospital.

take sick
- to become ill
The little boy took sick early last night.

a taste of one's own medicine
- the same treatment that one gives to others (usually this has a negative meaning)
Our boss got a taste of his own medicine when people began to treat him badly like he treats others.

throw up
- to vomit
The woman threw up after eating the bad shellfish.

under the weather
- not feeling well
My boss has been under the weather all week and has not come to work during that time.

up and about
- healthy and moving around, not sick in bed

My uncle has been up and about for a couple of days since he left the hospital.



sábado, 27 de diciembre de 2014

Diseases - Dyslexia

Hello!
Today I'm going to teach you a little bit about a disease very common among children nowadays, dyslexia.

Dyslexia, also known as alexia or developmental reading disorder, is characterized by difficulty with learning to read and with differing comprehension of language despite normal or above-average intelligence.This includes difficulty with phonological awareness, phonological decoding, processing speed, orthographic coding, auditory short-term memory, language skills and verbal comprehension, or rapid naming.
Dyslexia is the most common learning difficulty. Some see dyslexia as distinct from reading difficulties resulting from other causes, such as a non-neurological deficiency with hearing or vision, or poor reading instruction.There are three proposed cognitive subtypes of dyslexia (auditory, visual and attentional), although individual cases of dyslexia are better explained by specific underlying neuropsychological deficits (e.g., attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, a visual processing disorder) and co-occurring learning difficulties (e.g., dyscalculia and dysgraphia). Although it is considered to be a receptive (afferent) language-based learning disability, dyslexia also affects one's expressive (efferent) language skills.
In early childhood, symptoms that correlate with a later diagnosis of dyslexia include delays in speech, letter reversal or mirror writing, difficulty knowing left from right and difficulty with direction, as well as being easily distracted by background noise. This pattern of early distractibility is sometimes partially explained by the co-occurrence of dyslexia and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Although this disorder occurs in approximately 5% of children, 25–40% of children with either dyslexia or ADHD meet criteria for the other disorder.
Dyslexic children of school age may exhibit signs such as difficulty identifying or generating rhyming words, or counting syllables in words (which depend on phonological awareness).They may also show signs of difficulty segmenting words into individual sounds or blending sounds to make words (phonemic awareness). Difficulty with word retrieval or with naming things also feature. They are commonly poor spellers, which has been called dysorthographia or dysgraphia (orthographic coding). Whole-word guesses and tendencies to omit or add letters or words when writing and reading are considered tell-tale signs.
Problems persist into adolescence and adulthood and may be accompanied by trouble summarizing stories as well as with memorizing, reading aloud, and learning foreign languages. Adult dyslexics can read with good comprehension, although they tend to read more slowly than non-dyslexics and perform worse at spelling and nonsense word reading, a measure of phonological awareness. A common misconception about dyslexia assumes that dyslexic readers all write words backwards or move letters around when reading. In fact this only occurs among half of dyslexic readers.

See you in the next entry!

miércoles, 17 de diciembre de 2014

Entertainment - Soap operas

Hello!
Today, as we have already mentioned the enetrtainment topic, we are going to read a text about very popular way to spend freetime. Even though it's not highly recommended, because it doesn't bring anything productive in our lives, we still love to do it. And of course, I'm talking about watching TV shows and soap operas! 
Here I leave you a text about some of the origin of the english word and the beginnings of it in the United Kingdom. Below the text you will find a quick vocabulary exercise. I hope you'll enjoy it!

Soap operas

Watching TV is a very popular pastime in the UK. But what kind of programmes do British people like to watch? Well, the most-watched TV programmes every week are very popular dramas that are usually on at least four times every week. They are dramas based in one neighbourhood that try to depict ordinary life in the UK - we call these dramas ‘soap operas’ or ‘soaps’.

In the early days of TV, there were often dramas on during the day. Back in those days, it was traditional for the husband to go out to work and for the wife to stay at home and look after the house and the children. Most of these daytime dramas were aimed at entertaining the housewives who would traditionally be at home, probably doing the washing. Companies selling washing powder would advertise their products at times when these dramas were on, and sometimes those companies would even sponsor the drama. Hence the word ‘soap’.

So what about the word opera? Well, that’s because these dramas are often an exaggeration of real life. They are supposed to represent ordinary lives but, to make them entertaining, lots of dramatic events, like murders, divorces, affairs etc., all happen probably much more regularly than they would in a normal neighbourhood.

Most soap operas these days are shown in the evening. Each show will have several different storylines happening at once that continue over several shows. The same cast members will appear in every show, too.

There are lots of different soaps on in the UK on different channels but there are three main popular ones. ‘Coronation Street’ has been on since 1960. It is set in a suburb of Manchester and it’s supposed to represent working class life in the north of England. Then there’s ‘Eastenders’ which started in 1985, set in the East End of London, and ‘Emmerdale’, which is set on a farm in Yorkshire, in the north of England.



(adapted from ww.bbc.co.uk)



lunes, 15 de diciembre de 2014

Entertainment - Vocabulary



Good afternoon, students! Today’s topic is entertainment and I’m going to give some vocabulary about that:

English
Spanish
art gallery
galería de arte
bar
bar
cinema
cine
café
cafetería
circus
circo
concert hall
sala de conciertos/auditorio
exhibition center
centro de exposiciones
museum
museo
nightclub
club
opera house
teatro de la ópera
pub
pub/bar
restaurant
restaurante
stadium
estadio
theater
teatro
zoo
zoológico
funfair
feria
casino
casino
festival
festival
parade
desfile
carnival
carnaval/desfile

jueves, 11 de diciembre de 2014

Food - Idioms



Hello! As you may already know, there are a lot of idioms related to food. I wrote down a few of them I found interesting for you. Enjoy!

‘’Apple of someone’s eye’’ = Someone (or something) that a person likes a lot or likes more than others. Ex.: Ashley is the apple of her grandfather’s eye.

‘’As cool as a cucumber’’ = To be very relaxed, to remain calm under pressure. Ex.: Although she was running the last lap in first position, she was as cool as cucumber.

‘’(A) bad egg’’ or ‘’bad apple’’ or ‘’rotten apple’’ = These idioms have a similar meaning. They refer to a bad person, someone who should be avoided or who is not a good example. An opposite idiom will be ‘’a good egg’’.

‘’(A) big cheese’’ = Often used about business, it refers to an important or powerful person, a leader who has a lot of influence (in a company, a field). Ex.: Sharon became a big cheese in the company in a little bit of time. 

‘’The bread and butter’’ = It refers to the things we consider as essential, thereby, the most relevant and necessary. Moreover, it’s about the income or job of someone that is used to buy the basic needs of life like food, shelter or clothing. Ex.: I’m sorry, we don’t have so much time to pay attention to details; just explain us the bread and butter of your report.

‘’Bring home the bacon’’ = to earn the income, especially the one with which the family is living. Ex.: Now if you don’t have to work, it’s only because I’m working hard to bring home the bacon.

‘’(Not my) Cup of tea’’ = Something you enjoy or do well. However, most of the time, this idiom is used negatively to say that someone doesn’t enjoy or isn’t really good at something. Ex.: I’m not watching bobsleigh competitions on TV, it’s not my cup of tea. 

‘’Full of beans’’ = To have lots of energy. My sister is full of bean tonight and she doesn’t want to stop singing.  

‘’One smart cookie’’ = This idiom is used to talk about someone who is very intelligent. Ex.: Your little sister is really one smart cookie, she can resolve exercises of the upper grade level. 

‘’A piece of cake’’ = when something is very easy and pleasant to do, you can use one of these idioms to talk about it. Ex.: Anyone can do it, that’s a piece of cake/ as easy as pie (always in the singular). ‘’As easy as pie’’, which has the same meaning, is a little bit dated. 

‘’Pull all of one’s eggs in one basket’’ = To risk everything on a thing or a person. Ex.: You should not invest all you have in this merger, I mean, it would be like putting all your eggs in one basket.

‘’Sell like hotcakes’’ = Something sells quickly and rapidly, many people buy it. Ex.: The new book of this saga is selling like hotcakes.

‘’Take something with a pinch (or a grain) of salt’’ = It means to don’t consider something 100% accurate, don’t think that someone is necessarily telling the truth. Ex.: If I was you, I’ll take her advice with a pinch of salt.

‘’To buy a lemon’’ = It means to buy something useless or defective. 

‘’To cheese (someone) off or to cheese off (someone)’’ = To annoy or irritate (or anger) someone. Ex.: My brother cheesed our mother off when he changed the channel without telling her.

‘’Compare apples and oranges’’ = To compare two different things especially when they should not be compared. 

‘’Drop someone (or something) like a hot potato’’ = It means to suddenly stop being involved with someone. This happens usually because you are having problems and don’t like the concerned person. Ex.: The advertisers dropped the basketball star like a hot potato when he became involved in a scandal.

‘’Eat someone for breakfast’’ = You can use this idiom when you defeat someone easily. Ex.: The young French football team was able to eat the British one for breakfast. 

‘’Have bigger fish to fry’’ = It means that you have more important things to do. Ex.: I couldn’t stay long, with the new business plan I have bigger fish to fry.

‘’Out of the frying pan and into the fire’’ = Used with the verbs: to get, go or jump. You can say it when you go from a bad or difficult situation to another one which is even worse.

‘’Teach one’s grandmother to suck eggs’’ = to give advice to or try to tell someone who is an export – or at least – who has more knowledge than yourself about how to do something. Ex.: Daniel tried to teach Celine about cooking while she’s a renowned cookbook author. It was like teaching his grandmother to suck eggs.

‘’That’s the way the cookie crumbles’’ = It refers to all the things that happen in life. Sometimes bad things happen but you can do nothing to prevent them actually. So there’s no reason to become really upset about them. Ex.: - I just can’t understand why the company made John redundant. - Well, you know, that’s the way the cookie crumbles. There are also 2 other idioms with the same meaning: that’s the way it goes or that’s the way the ball bounces (informal).

‘’To not give a fig for something or someone’’ = It means to not caring about something or someone. Ex.: She didn’t give a fig for old clothes. 

‘’What's good/sauce for the goose is good/sauce for the gander’’ = It simply suggests that what is good for someone should be good for another person as well.

If you want to learn more idioms, you will find that many of them include one of these words: ‘’egg’’, ‘’apple’’, ‘’cheese’’, ‘’cake’’ or even the verb ‘’eat’’. Hope this topic was helpful!

martes, 9 de diciembre de 2014

Food - Phonetics

Following up with the food subject, let’s learn some phonetics:


Dairy
/ˈdɛərɪ/
Cheese
/tʃiːz/
Eggs
egz/
Meat
/miːt/
Beef Steak
/biːf steɪk/
Pork
/pɔːk/
Seafood
/ˈsiːfuːd/
Fish
/fɪʃ/
Poultry
/ˈpəʊltrɪ/
Chicken
/ˈtʃɪkɪn/
Bakery
/ˈbeɪkərɪ/
Bread
/bred/
Cookie
/ˈkʊkɪ/
Biscuit
/ˈbɪskɪt/
Fruit
/fruːt/
Pineapple
/ˈpaɪnˌæpl/
Strawberry
/ˈstrɔːbərɪ/
Apple
/ˈæpl/
Orange
/ˈɒrɪndʒ/
Grapes
/ɡreɪps/
Cherry
/ˈtʃerɪ/
Pear
/pɛəʳ/
Plum
/plʌm/
Lemon
/ˈlemən/
Peach
/piːtʃ/
Banana
/bəˈnɑːnə/
Mango
/ˈmæŋgəʊ/
Melon
/ˈmelən/
Watermelon
/ˈwɔːtəˌmelən/
Vegetables
/ˈvedʒɪtəbl̩z/
Peas
/piːz/
Corn
/kɔːn/
Potato
/pəˈteɪtəʊ/
Tomato
/təˈmeɪtəʊ/
Carrot
/ˈkærət/
Green pepper
/ɡriːn ˈpepə/
Red pepper
/red ˈpepə/
Onion
/ˈʌnjən/
Mushroom
/ˈmʌʃrʊm/
Garlic
/ˈgɑːlɪk/
Olive
/ˈɒlɪv/
Lettuce
/ˈletɪs/
Drinks
/drɪŋks/
Water
/ˈwɔːtəʳ/
Milk
/mɪlk/
Soda
/ˈsəʊdə/
Beer
/bɪəʳ/
Coffee
/ˈkɒfɪ/
Tea
/tiː/
Juice
/dʒuːs/
Cooked food
/kʊkt fuːd/
Sandwich
/ˈsænwɪdʒ/
Salad
/ˈsæləd/
Soup
/suːp/
Fries (US)
/fraɪz/
Chips (UK)
/tʃɪps/

I hope this wasn't too difficult and remember to practise everyday to get better. See you!